A number of studies have examined the correlation between the use of mass media and body satisfaction, eating disorder symptomatology, and negative affect. The majority of the studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between media exposure and eating pathology, body dissatisfaction and negative affect (Stice, Schupak-Neuberg, Shaw, & Stein, 1994; Stice & Shaw, 1994; Utter, Neumark-Sztainer, Wall, & Story, 2003). However, the strength of the correlations have varied within and between studies and with type of media exposure (Tiggeman, 2003; Vaughan & Fouts, 2003).
(b) None of the three separate "compelling interests" to which appellees point suffices to sustain District 12. First, the District Court found that the State's claimed interest in eradicating the effects of past discrimination did not actually precipitate the use of race in the redistricting plan, and the record does not establish that that finding was clearly erroneous. Second, the asserted interest in complying with 5 of the Voting Rights Act did not justify redistricting here, since creating an additional majority-black district, as urged by the Justice Department before it granted preclearance, was not required under a correct reading of 5. See Miller, 515 U. S., at 921. This Court again rejects the Department's expansive reading of 5 and of its own authority thereunder as requiring States to maximize the number of majorityminority districts wherever possible. See, e. g., id., at 925. Third, District 12, as drawn, is not a remedy narrowly tailored to the State's professed interest in avoiding liability under 2 of the Act, which, inter alia, prohibits dilution of the voting strength of members of a minority group. District 12 could not remedy any potential 2 violation, since the minority group must be shown to be "geographically compact" to establish 2 liability, see, e. g., Thornburg v. Gingles, 478 U. S. 30, 50, and it cannot reasonably be suggested that District 12 contains a "geographically compact" population of any race. Appellees are singularly unpersuasive when they argue that a majority-minority district may be drawn anywhere if there is a strong basis in evidence for concluding that a 2 violation exists somewhere in the State. A district so drawn could not avoid 2 liability, which targets vote-dilution injury to individuals in a particular area, not to the minority as a group. Just as in Miller, this Court does not here reach the question whether compliance with the Act, on its own, can be a compelling state interest under the proper circumstances. pp. 908-918.
Shaw Strength Ebook Pdf 94
The facts are set out in detail in our prior opinion, and we shall only summarize them here. After the 1990 census, North Carolina's congressional delegation increased from 11 to 12 members. The State General Assembly adopted a reapportionment plan, Chapter 601, that included one majority-black district, District 1, located in the northeastern region of the State. 1991 N. C. Sess. Laws, ch. 60l. The legislature then submitted the plan to the Attorney General of the United States for preclearance under 5 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, 79 Stat. 439, as amended, 42 U. S. C. 1973c (1988 ed.). The Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, acting on the Attorney General's behalf, objected to the proposed plan because it failed "to give effect to black and Native American voting strength" in "the south-central to southeastern part of the state" and opined that the State's reasons for not creating a second majorityminority district appeared "to be pretextual." App. 151153. Duly chastened, the legislature revised its districting scheme to include a second majority-black district. 1991 N. C. Extra Sess. Laws, ch. 7. The new plan, Chapter 7, located the minority district, District 12, in the north-central or Piedmont region, not in the south-central or southeastern region identified in the Justice Department's objection letter. The Attorney General nonetheless precleared the revised plan.
With respect to 2, appellees contend, and the District Court found, that failure to enact a plan with a second majority-black district would have left the State vulnerable to a lawsuit under this section. Our precedent establishes that a plaintiff may allege a 2 violation in a single-member district if the manipulation of districting lines fragments politically cohesive minority voters among several districts or packs them into one district or a small number of districts, and thereby dilutes the voting strength of members of the minority population. Id., at 1007. To prevail on such a claim, a plaintiff must prove that the minority group "is sufficiently large and geographically compact to constitute a majority in a single-member district"; that the minority group "is politically cohesive"; and that "the white majority votes sufficiently as a bloc to enable it ... usually to defeat the minority's preferred candidate." Thornburg v. Gingles, 478 U. S. 30, 50-51 (1986); Growe v. Emison, 507 U. S. 25 (1993) (recognizing that the three Gingles preconditions would apply to a 2 challenge to a single-member district). A court must also consider all other relevant circumstances and must ultimately find based on the totality of those circumstances that members of a protected class "have less opportunity than other members of the electorate to participate in the political process and to elect representatives of their choice." 42 U. S. C. 1973(b). See De Grandy, supra, at 1010-1012.
Over 320,000 VHS rental copies were shipped throughout the United States, and on the strength of its award nominations and word of mouth, it became one of the top video rentals of 1995. The broadcast rights were acquired following the purchase of Castle Rock by Turner Broadcasting System, and it was shown regularly on the TNT network starting in 1997, further increasing its popularity. Decades after its release, the film was still broadcast regularly, and is popular in several countries, with audience members and celebrities citing it as a source of inspiration or naming it a favorite in various surveys, leading to its recognition as one of the most "beloved" films ever made. In 2015, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".
There were some limitations of this review, such as not including articles that were published in languages other than English and the exclusion of paediatric and non-hospital populations. Not all trials gave falls rates, and some only conducted pre-post analyses on falls-related outcomes. We found numerous falls prevention strategies for use in hospitals yet many had low levels of supporting evidence [14]. In a recent Cochrane systematic review, Cameron et al. [14] reported the quality of most studies on hospital falls prevention to be low. Although that review concluded that some multifactorial interventions and some single methods may reduce falls rates in hospitals, further high quality controlled clinical trials are needed to verify whether this is always the case. Few investigations explored whether physically restricting mobility could reduce hospital falls, possibly due to ethics concerns pertaining to physical restraints. A strength of this review was the scoping methodology [42,43,44] which allowed a broad examination of the literature to identify and clarify key concepts in hospital falls prevention education [41, 43].
Autoregulated and standardized load prescription resulted in similar improvements in muscular strength. Subjective (repetitions in reserve-based rating of perceived exertion) and objective (velocity-based training) autoregulated load prescription also demonstrated similar improvements in muscular strength.
Resistance training (RT) is the principal modality to increase strength and hypertrophy for improving athletic performance and clinical health [1]. Traditionally, RT has been prescribed based on a pre-determined percentage of one-repetition maximum (1RM), which has been referred to in the scientific literature as standardized percentage-based training (PBT) [2]. There are, however, numerous limitations evident with PBT, the primary being that daily fluctuations [3] and short-term changes [4] in 1RM have been consistently observed [5]; therefore, PBT does not match the acute performance fluctuations and chronic physiological adaptations of each individual [6]. PBT also involves prescribing load based on a single 1RM testing session; thus, if abnormal performance or improper administration were present, the training stimulus applied for the study intervention or successive training cycle may be inappropriate for the intended outcome and may impact other variables (i.e., fatigue, load, volume) in the prescription [5]. Finally, repetitions performed at given intensities are largely lift-specific [7] and highly variable between individuals [8]; therefore, PBT fails to accurately quantify proximity to failure and the degree of neuromuscular fatigue for each individual and lift. 2ff7e9595c
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